Jewish Communities Through Time 300 BCE–Present
← All countriesExplore the documented population history of the Jewish community in Spain, with source information and confidence indicators for each observation.
Explore important centres of Jewish life in Spain and their earliest documented presence.
Major centre of medieval Jewish life in the Iberian Peninsula. The displayed date range reflects evidence currently represented in this dataset and should not be interpreted as the full duration of Jewish presence in Toledo.
Major centre of Jewish intellectual and communal life in Islamic Spain. The displayed range focuses on the period currently documented in this dataset; the Almohad conquest of 1148 profoundly disrupted Jewish communal life.
Important medieval Jewish community. The current dataset documents escalating anti-Jewish agitation from 1378 and the major violence beginning in Seville in 1391.
Recorded and estimated Jewish population observations.
Population values reflect the available documented or estimated observations. Gaps between years should not be interpreted as continuous measurement.
Major documented events in the history of the Jewish community in Spain.
The Muslim conquest of the Iberian Peninsula began in 711 and opened a new era in the history of Jewish communities in al-Andalus.
Jewish intellectual and cultural life flourished in Muslim Spain
The Jewish community of Granada suffered a major violent attack in 1066. Historical sources agree on the severity of the event
The Almohad conquest of Córdoba and other parts of al-Andalus brought pressure to convert to Islam and led many Jews to flee
Widespread anti-Jewish violence beginning in 1391 caused deaths forced conversions displacement and the destruction or disappearance of numerous Jewish communities.
Ferdinand and Isabella obtained authorization for the Spanish Inquisition
Ferdinand and Isabella issued the expulsion edict requiring practising Jews in their kingdoms to convert or leave by the summer of 1492.
The expulsion produced large refugee movements toward Portugal North Africa Italy and the Ottoman world
Explore major documented movements into, within, and out of Spain.
Following the 1492 expulsion decree many Spanish Jews crossed into neighboring Portugal. No destination-specific population estimate is assigned in this dataset.
Sephardic refugees from Spain established or joined communities in North Africa following the 1492 expulsion. Coordinates provide a representative geographic destination rather than a single settlement.
Sephardic refugees migrated to Italian territories following the expulsion from Spain. Coordinates provide a representative geographic destination rather than a single settlement.
Sephardic refugees settled in Ottoman territories after the Spanish expulsion, including important communities in Constantinople and other Ottoman cities. Coordinates use Constantinople as a representative destination.
Detailed demographic records and source information.
| Year | Population | Type | Confidence | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1900 | 2,500 | historical_population_estimate | medium | — |
| 1933 | 4,000 | historical_population_estimate | medium_high | — |
| 1936 | 6,000 | historical_population_estimate | medium | — |
| 1970 | 9,000 | demographic_estimate | medium_high | — |
| 2024 | 12,900 | demographic_estimate | medium_high | — |
